الفهرس 
Count of ruminal microorganismsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was carried out at the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University and Animal production Research Institute, Ministry of Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, during the period from December 2017 to May 2018. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding the buffalos on ration supplemented with Diamond xp yeast and Lactobacillus acidophilus during the late pregnancy (approximately 60 days pre-partum) and 150 day-postpartum period under summer season conditions on their productive and reproductive performances. A total of 15 lactating buffalos (2-4 lactations) were used in this study. Animals were chosen in late gestation period at approximately 30 days prepartum and divided into three groups, 5 animals in each. 1- G1: 5 buffalos were fed diet containing 7 kg concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 3.5 kg berseem 3rd cuts (BC)and 3 kg rice straw (RS) according to Kearl (1982) requirements for dairy buffalos and was considered as a control group 2- G2: 5 buffalos were fed the control ration supplemented with 20 g/h/d from Diamond xp yeast (DY). 3- G3: 5 buffalos were fed the control ration supplemented with 20 g/h/d from Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA). Live birth weight of calf was done and nutrients digestion coefficients were determined on lactating Egyptian buffalo-cows. Rumen liquor (RL) samples were taken for determination of pH value and concentration of ammonia-N and total volatile fatty acids, protozoal cell count and microbial protein yield. Blood samples were taken at post-partum for 5 months for determination of some biochemical (total protein; TP, albumin; AL, globulin; GL, total lipids; TL, cholesterol, glucose, creatinine), enzyme activity (AST and ALT), hormonal (T3) and haematological (red and white blood cell count; RBC and WBC, packed cell volume; PCV and haemoglobin) parameters. Milk yield and milk composition were recorded at different postpartum interval up to the 5th month. After calving the interval elapsed for complete fetal membranes DROP (FD, hour), uterine involution period (UI, day), uterine cervical closure (CC, day), interval from calving to first detected estrus (FPEI, day), service period length (SP, day), number of services per conception (NS/C), days open (DO), pregnancy rate (PR, %) and calving interval (CI, day) were recorded and data were statistically analyzed. The obtained results could be summarized as the following:- 1. Digestibility coefficients and nutritive value of experimental buffalos: Digestibility coefficients of CP, CF and EE were higher (P<0.05) in G3 than in both G1 and G2 (71.61vs. 57.94 and 67.00% for CP, 67.34 vs. 49.21 and 60.86 for CF and 74.20 vs. 59.47 and 63.94% for EE). The effect of experimental group was not significant on digestibility coefficients of DM, OM and NFE. Dietary supplementation with 20 g LA/h/d (G3) improved nutritive values, being significant (P<0.05) on DCP compared to G1 being 9.54vs7.65% and it was 7.69% in G2, while TDN did not affected significantly by different experimental groups being, 63.96, 59.77 and 55.31% in G3, G2 and G1, respectively. 2. Rumen parameters of experimental buffalos: All ruminal parameters (pH value, concentration of total volatile fatty acids; TVFA’s and ammonia-N; NH3-N) were not affected significantly by yeast culture supplementation. Only diet of G3 group supplemented with higher level of LA significantly (P<0.05) increased protozoal count in compared with G1, being 368.33 vs. 259.00 x103 cell/mm3 and microbial protein yield was 0.70 vs. 0.31 g/ml. 3. Blood parameters of experimental buffalos: 3.1. Haematological parameters: As affected by different treatments, count of RBC was significantly (P<0.05) high greater in G3 than in G2 and G1, being 8.09 vs. 7.56 and 7.48 (x106 cells/mm3). The haemoglobin concentration was affected significantly (P<0.05) by experimental group being, 9.54, 9.86 and 10.47 g/dl in G1, G2 and G3, respectively. PCV percentages significantly (P<0.05) increased in G2 and G3 than in G1, being 33.67, 34.29 and 31.57%, respectively. 3.2. Biochemical parameters: Concentration of total protein (TP) and its fraction was affected significantly (P<0.05) by experimental group, being 7.29, 7.69 and 8.14 g/dl, in G1, G2 and G3, respectively, albumin concentration were, 3.92, 4.15 and 4.44 g/dl, in the same order and globulin concentration were, 3.37, 3.54 and 3.70 g/dl, respectively. Glucose concentration significantly (P<0.05) increased in each of G3 (55.72 mg/dl) and G2 (51.78 mg/dl) compared with G1 (47.76 mg/dl). Concentration of total lipids significantly (P<0.05) increased in G3 (0.79 g/dl), flowed by G2 (0.69 g/dl) and finally G1 (0.59 g/dl). Results show that total cholesterol concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in G3 (228.59 mg/dl) and G2 (201.49 mg/dl) than in G1 (168.79 mg/dl). Creatinine concentration was affected significantly (P<0.01) by experimental group, being lower in G3 (0.88 mg/dl) than in G1 and G2 (1.12 and 1.11 mg/dl, respectively). 3.3. Enzyme activity: Only the activity of AST was lower (P<0.01) in G2 and G3 (23.48 and 16.62 IU/ml, respectively) than in G1 (32.05 IU/ml). 3.4. Hormone profile: T3 concentration was not affected by experimental group, being 59.72, 57.41 and 67.52 ng/ml in G1, G2 and G3. 4. Milk production of experimental buffalos:- 4.1. Milk yield: The overall means of MMY (monthly milk yield), ADMY (adjusted milk yield) and CDMY (corrected fat milk yield) were affected significantly (P<0.01) by experimental group, being higher in G3 (444.4, 14.8 and 12.84 kg, respectively) followed by G2 (311.4, 10.37, 9.6 kg, respectively) than in G1 (298.2, 9.93 and 8.96 kg, respectively). 4.2. Milk composition: Fat percentage was high (P<0.05) in G2, G1 and G3, being 3.52, 3.35 and 3.13%, respectively. Although, fat yield was significantly (P<0.01) higher in G3 than in both G2 and G1, being 0.45 vs. 0.35 and 0.33 kg, respectively. Protein yield was (P<0.01) higher in G3 than in both G2 and G1, being 0.39 vs. 0.26 and 0.24 kg, respectively. Lactose percentage was (P<0.05) higher in G3 than in G2 and G1 (4.53 vs. 4.46 and 4.38%). Also, lactose yield was (P<0.01) higher in G3 than both G2 and G1, being 0.67 vs. 0.46 and 0.43 kg, respectively. The total solids yield (TS) was (P<0.01) higher in G3 than in both G2 and G1 (1.64 vs. 1.16 and 1.09 kg). Solids not fat yield (SNF) was (P<0.01) higher in G3 than in both G2 and G1 (1.18 vs. 0.81 and 0.76 kg). 5. Reproductive performance of experimental buffalos: 5.1. Calving performance: The overall means of CBW, FD, UI and CC were not affected significantly by experimental group, although CBW tended to be heavier in G3 and G2 than in G1 (37.4 and 36.2 vs. 34.4 kg) and duration of FD was longer in G2 (11.86 h) and G3 (7.86 h) than in G1 (3.61 h). While, period of UI and cervical closure was slightly longer in G2 (42.4 and 38.6 days) and shorter in G3 (35.2 and 31.2 days) than in G1 (39.6 and 35.4 days). 5.2. Reproductive efficiency measurements: All reproductive efficiency measurements including PFEI, SP, NS/C, DO, CI, PR and progesterone levels were not affected significantly by yeast culture supplementation. 6. Economic efficiency: Animals fed ration supplemented with probiotic or (DFM) (Y&L) gave more milk yield than the control (G1) group. Moreover, probiotic or (DFM) (L) supplementation tended to get more economical efficiency (1.50). Conclusion The feeding buffalos on diet supplemented with probiotic or (DFM) (Y&L) improved digestion, nutrient digestibility coefficients, rumen function in term of increasing protozoal count and microbial protein yield. Also, probiotic or (DFM) (Y&L) supplementation increased milk yield in term of adjusted milk yield and corrected fat milk yield and increased all milk components especially fat percentage. In addition some improvement occurred in reproductive performance of lactating buffalos fed diet supplemented with probiotic or (DFM) (Y&L). Finally, from economic point of view, the present study recommended feeding lactating buffalos from 30 days prepartum throughout lactation period on diet supplemented with 20 g of yeast culture or Lactobacillus per Summary and Conclusion 111 head per day had beneficial effect on milk yield and milk composition without any harmful effects on reproductive performance. Moreover, probiotic or (DFM) (L) supplementation tended to get more economical efficiency (1.50).