الفهرس 
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Abstract
A
cne vulgaris is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous follicle, caused by host, environmental factors, and microbial components. The pathogenesis of acne is thought to involve an interplay between a number of factors, including excess androgenic stimulation, sebum hyper secretion, abnormal differentiation, proliferation and hyper keratinization of the epidermal keratinocytes, especially those lining the duct region of the sebaceous unit. Typical features of acne include microcomedones, comedones, papules, nodules (large papules), pustules, and often results in scarring (Das & Reynolds, 2014). The severity of acne can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe as this helps to determine an appropriate treatment regimen (Lehmann et al., 2002). Many treatment options for acne are available, including lifestyle changes, medications, medical procedures, and laser treatments (Neil and Andrea, 2018).
IL-19 is a member of the IL-10 family of interleukins. It is expressed in immune cells, and non-immune cells such as epithelial cells and keratinocytes. It is thought to be a pro inflammatory cytokine and plays a role in inflammatory conditions through exerting different immune modulatory effects (Ouyang et al., 2011). Serum levels of IL-19 were found to be significantly higher in patients with systemic inflammatory conditions such as asthma, Rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition to its role in the aetiopathogenesis of some inflammatory skin conditions such as Acne vulgaris, Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Contact Hypersenstivity (Li et al., 2017).
The aim of this work is to measure serum levels of Interleukin 19 in acne vulgaris patients with different severities, and compare it with healthy controls, in order to further understand the role of Interleukin 19 in the etiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris and correlating it with acne vulgaris severity.
Our study included 15 mild, 15 moderate, 15 severe acne vulgaris patients, and 15 apparently healthy controls of matched age and sex. Serum IL-19 level was measured from each subject using quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum kits.
Results revealed significant difference in serum IL-19 levels between acne vulgaris patients and controls; being higher in the former group. Moreover, the rise in serum IL-19 level was 2.8 folds higher in mild acne cases, 6.84 folds higher in moderate acne patients, and 10 folds higher in severe acne patients than controls. Indicating that, the rise in serum interleukin 19 levels was proportional to the increase in the severity of acne vulgaris with a statistically significant difference between the four study groups (control, mild, moderate, and severe acne patients groups). However, IL-19 serum level was not affected by age or gender of subjects, positive family history, nor disease duration. But, there was a significant statistical correlation between the increase in the age of patients and the decrease in the severity of acne.
We concluded that not only is IL-19 related to the aetiopathological inflammatory process of mild, moderate, as well as severe acne vulgaris, but also IL-19 serum level has a highly significant statistical correlation with increasing severity of acne vulgaris. Moreover, measurement of serum IL-19 level could be used as both, diagnostic and prognostic marker for Acne Vulgaris.