الفهرس 
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Abstract
No doubt that, fungal pathogens pose serious problems worldwide for human, poultry and animal health. Fungi and their toxins are natural contaminants of foods and feeds even when the most efficient condition of culture, harvest, storage and handling are used. Mold spores can disperse in the air with the wind or in combination of wind and rain.
Fungal infection increases in immune- compressed hosts and occurs either acquired or nosocomial.
The purpose of this study was to identify the phenotypic characters of different fungal isolates recovered from different sources and the effect of different oils on the growth of fungal isolates.
A total of 280 samples were collected ; 75 human samples (40 ear swabs, 29 vaginal swabs and 6 sputum samples), 150 from broiler chickens and 55 vaginal swabs from cattle from different areas in El-Fayoum and Beni-SuefGovernorates, from which 144 fungal isolates were recovered. 40 fungal isolates( 53.3%) were recovered from human; of which 29 isolates of ear swabs ( A.fumigatus37.5 %, A.niger25 % and Penicilliumspp.10 %) while 10 (34.4%) fungal isolates were recovered from women; of which24.1 % wereA.fumigatus and 10.3 %A.niger and there was one sputum isolate(16.6%) recovered (A.niger).from broiler chickens, 89 (59.3%) fungal isolates were recovered; of which 53 (35.3 %)were A.fumigatus, 28 (18.6 %) were A.nigerand 8 (5.3 %)werePenicilliumspp. 15 fungal isolates from cattle (27.3%); of which 6 Penicillium spp.(10.9%), 5 A.fumigatus (9.15%) and 4 A.niger (7.3%).
The antifungal activities of thymol and carvacrol oils against the recovered fungal isolates were tested using agar dilution method. Thymol and carvacroloils completely inhibited the growth of different fungal isolates at concentrations of 1%. On the other hand, the concentration of 0.01% was too weak to inhibit the fungal growth, but it completely reduced the colour of the conidia converted it into white colouredarial mycelium.
cPCR assay was applied on randomly selected 10 isolates using oligonucleotide primer that amplifying 250bp fragment in itsGene of A.fumigatus and A.niger and showed positive results.
cPCR assay also, was applied on 2 isolates treated by carvacrol essential oil that revealed positive result with A.fumigatus isolate and negative with A.nigerisolate.
Sequence analysis of two isolates of A.fumigatus one from man and another from chickensusing itsGene was performed and the result showed similarity between the two tested strains.