الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was achieved at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the
Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agriculture
Research Center, Giza, Egypt during the period from 2013 to 2017, direct
embryo initiation and indirect embryoenesis of date palm (Phoenix
dactylifera L.) cv. Sewi and Barhee was achieved from immature female
inflorescences.
Sewi cultivar experiments
The best sterilization treatment was mercuric chloride (mc) at 0.1% for 10
min. Direct embryo initiation of date palm cv. Sewi from immature
female inflorescences showed that the highest embryo formation have
been achieved on the modified MS medium supplemented with 4 mg l-1
Picloram plus 3 mg l-1 2 iP and 2 g l-1 PVP. Indirect embryoenesis showed
that the highest significant callus formation percentage found with10 mg
l-12, 4-D + 3 mg l-1 2ip. and the highest significant embryo formation
percentage was recorded by 10 mg l-1 NAA+ 6 mg l-1 2ip . Results also
showed that during germination stage BA at 0.5 mg l-1 produced the
highest number of germinated embryos/culture while, kinetin at 0.25 mg l-
1 significantly increased the average number of adventitious
shoots/culture. NAA at 1.0 mg l-1 induced the highest rooting percentage
and micro-shoot length. On the other hand, the best survival percentage
during the acclimatization stage was observed with plantlets produced
from IBA at 0.5 mg l-1 during the rooting stage. In this study we
compared the mother plant Sewi and Barhee at the molecular level by
using ISSR primers in order to screen the level of varieties the first
group from direct embryogenesis of Sewi cultivar comparison between
mother plant and nine tissue culture cultivar Sewi, to determine genetic
variation using ISSR marker cultivar. Sewi . The second group from
indirect embryogenesis of Sewi cultivar: comparison between mother
plant and eleven tissue cultured plantlets revealed that the ratio of genetic
similarity (polymorphism) of the first group reached 95%, while the
genetic similarity ratio of the second group do not exceed 93%
Barhee cultivar experiments:
Inflorescence explants were successfully sterilized by mercuric chloride
(mc) at 0.1% for 10 min. concerning direct embryogenesis stage. The
highest significant embryo formation was found by AC at 1g l-1+ PVP at
2g l-1 with Picloram at 4 mg l-1 Regarding the indirect embryogenesis, the
highest significant callus formation percentage was found by 10 mg l-1
2, 4-D + 3 mg l-1 2ip + 5 mg l-1 NOA+ 5 mg l-1 NAA and the highest
significant embryo formation percentage found by 30 mg l-1 NAA+ 20 mg
l-1 2ip., the highest significant embryo number/culture were gained by
kinetin at 0.2 mg l-1 the highest significant number of shoots /culture was
found by 2iP at 0.10 mg /l & kinetin at 0. 50 mg /l .Meanwhile, the
highest significant average shoot length was achieved by kinetin at 0.50
mg l-1. The highest significant rooting was recorded by IAA at 1 mg l-1,
Acclimatization stage showed that the highest significant survival % was
recorded by IAA at 1.0 mg/l. genetic stability from indirect
embryogenesis showed the genetic relationships among the mother plant
and eight tissue cultured date palm plantlets cultivar Barhee based on
ISSR. The genetic stability ratio of the third group reached 93%. The low
percentage of genetic similarity confirms the genetic stability of mother
plant and tissue culture date palm cultivars.
Key words: In vitro propagation, Phoenix dactylifera L., Sewi cv, Barhee
cv, Immature Inflorescence, Direct embryogenesis, Indirect
embryogenesis , Callus formation, Embryo formation,
Genetic Stability.