الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATURESOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Sugar beet was grown under surface drip and solid-set sprinkler
irrigation systems in two separate experimental fields. The experimental
area was 2000 m2 nearly during the winter seasons of 2017/2018 in El
Nubaria cultivated area which represents the dry climate (semi-arid
region) and classified as sandy soil to validate the HydroCalc and
AquaCrop models.
HydroCalc was evaluated under two different lateral lengths (30 and
50 m) and slopes (0 and 0.02) under surface drip and solid-set sprinkler
irrigation systems and AquaCrop model was evaluated under irrigated
sugar beet crop with different water regimes (100%, 80% and 60% from
potential evapotranspiration (Etp).
The statistical indicators; the regression coefficient (R² > 0.90)
and correlation coefficient confirmed the good performance of
HydroCalc in simulating some hydraulic parameters of pressurized
irrigation systems. The validation of measured and simulated data from
HydroCalc clarified it as efficient reliable software to design
pressurized irrigation systems to increase the system performance and
water application efficiency.
The energy savings were (33.18; 27.33%) with surface drip
irrigation systems when using lateral lengths (30; 50m), respectively
under slope 0 % and (34.23; 29.54%) under slope 2% with surface drip
irrigation systems when using lateral lengths (30; 50m), respectively
compared to the solid-set sprinkler irrigation system.
It could be concluded to using surface drip irrigation systems with
lateral length 30 m and with a slope (2%) downhill for increasing the water application efficiency, decreasing the friction losses along lateral
lines and this lead to saving more water head energy.
Also, the calibrated AquaCrop model has performed well under
water deficit conditions to simulate sugar beet crop variables. Able to
simulate well grain yield and water productivity of sugar beet under
different irrigation regimes and climate changes in the new reclamation
area in the north of Egypt, becoming unsatisfying in high water stress
(intensive water stress).
Therefore, this model can use as a decision support tool in
increasing water productivity by agriculture sectors project managers,
consultants, irrigation engineers and farmers. In other words, this model
can be used to simulate the water management effects on yield and
water unit productivity under climate change scenarios and deficit
irrigation for other crops.
Also, The root yield and white sugar beet yields obtained under
surface drip-irrigation system with 80% from crop potential
evapotranspiration (48, 8.05 ton/ha) matched the yield of solid-set
sprinkler irrigated sugar beet with 100% of crop potential
evapotranspiration (37.39, 7.19 ton/ha) respectively with 30 % water
saving during this might be due to the high efficiency of surface drip
irrigation system compared to solid-set sprinkler irrigation system.
The results showed a significant increase in productivity and
white sugar yield by increasing water applied from 60% up to 80 and
100% and attributes of sugar beet (sucrose, purity and extractable sugar
percentage) rose with increasing water deficit.The study recommends that:
1. HydroCalc reliable software can be dependably used to design
pressurized irrigation systems to increase system performance and
water application efficiency.
2. AquaCrop can be dependably used to predict crop variables and
evaluating the effectiveness of planning irrigation management
strategies for crop variables, however, the limitations should be kept
in mind when explaining the results under severe water stress
conditions.