الفهرس 
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Abstract
Khames Ahmed Riad Hemida. “Management of Grapevine Root Diseases Caused by Soil Borne Fungi”. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2017.
Decline of grapevine due to soil borne fungi was surveyed during 2013 to 2015 summer growing seasons at El-Fayoum, El-Gharbeia and El-Beheira Governorates, Egypt, Syndromes of declined grapevine plants included growth retardant of shoot system and root-rot as well as decrease of grapevine fruit yield quality. Isolation trails from root of declined trees of different grapevine cultivars i.e., superior, flame seedless, King robi and crimson was carried out. The most soil borne fungi associated with root-rotted grapevine were Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend, Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Gold. Fusarium spp. are the main fungal associated with different infection types of declined root of grapevine either a singly or in combination with B. theobromae or R. solani as double infection type and third infection type with B. theobromae + R. solani. Under soil artificially infested with 5% (w/w) of each fungal isolates inocula of fourteen isolates belonging to the previously mentioned fungi were varied for causing wilt and root-rot symptoms of grapevine trees and reducing growth parameters i.e. plant height, root length, root size, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root compare with the control. Fungal isolate of Botryiodiplodia theobromae No. (7) was the most agent causing root-rot percentage and disease severity on grapevine plants followed by Fusarium oxysporum isolate No. (6), Fusarium avenacum isolate No. (11) and Fusarium solani isolate No. (12). This is first record that Fusarium avenacum as a causal organism causing root rot disease of grapevine in Egypt. Positive correlation between high pathogenic isolates on grapevine plants and their production pectinase and cellulase enzymes as well as colonization of mycelial growth of these isolates on stem cutting of grapevine plants. Under laboratory conditions, complete inhibition of linear growth and sporulation of the most aggressive isolates causing root-rot of grapevine i.e. Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium avenacum and Botryodiplodia theobromae was obtained with black seeds, lemon, orange oils at 4% , propionic, sorbic, benzoic, salicylic acids at 0.1%. T. harzianum and B. subtilis isolates as endophytic microorganisms were the best and significantly reduced mycelial linear growth and sporulation of pathogenic fungi. Under greenhouse conditions, soil drench with each propionic, sorbic acids, black seed oil, bio control agents i.e. T. harzianum, B. subtilis and their combinations were significantly reduced root-rot disease incidence on grapevine plants, disease severity, cell wall degrading enzymes activity, colonization pathogenic fungi in root and total count of pathogenic fungi in rhizosphre as well as showed highly activity of oxidative enzymes, increased growth parameters and chlorophyll content on grapevine leaves than the control. Moreover, combined treatments between propionic + sorbic followed by propionic + sorbic + T. harzianum + B. subtilis were the best treatments.
Key words: Grapevine, Root-rot, pathological potential, Fusarium spp., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Rhizoctonia solani, Endophytic microorganisms, Essential oils, Organic acids, Antioxidants and Combinations.