الفهرس 
Defining High-flow Access
Distal Hypoperfusion Ischemic SyndromeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
AVF is the most common type of VA used for chronic HD patients.
- Complications of AVF would include an inadequately high blood flow (usually ≥2000ml/min) that is termed High flow access (HFA).
- HFA may lead to the development of High output cardiac failure (HOCF) (symptoms of heart failure with CI >3L/min/m2 BSA) which has been recently described as a separate disease entity; termed HFA cardiomyopathy.
- This study has shown that HFA is a prevalent complication of HD AVFs that may affect up to 24% of HD population.
- Color Doppler Ultrasound can be used to estimate AVF flow (Qa) in conjunction with an echocardiographic assessment of heart chambers dimensions and functions, SPAP estimation, as well as Cardiac output (CO) estimation.
- We were able to demonstrate that HFA may be associated with in dilated LA and LV volumes as well as relatively lower LV ejection fraction, and increased SPAP.AVF Qa/CO ratio exceeding 20% is an independent predictor of impairment in LV function in patients with HFA.