الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Lung, female breast, colorectal and stomach cancers accounted for more than 40% of cancer cases diagnosed worldwide; with the World Health Organization reporting an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases worldwide in 2012. Among them, lung cancer is one of the most common, with 16.7% of all new cases diagnosed in men. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death for men and women and the financial burden to the healthcare system is estimated at 100 million dollars annually in Australia.
Notably, lung cancer has the highest mortality rate of all common cancers and a miserable dismal rate of less than 5 years. Out of the 8.2 million deaths caused by cancer in 2011 globally, mortality from lung cancers contributed the highest, with 1.3 million deaths alone.
Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are standard treatment options for lung cancer depending on the stage of malignancy, resectability and overall performance.
Chemotherapy is a first-line treatment for advanced stage of lung cancer in which chemotherapeutic drugs are usually administered intravenously for systemic circulation. The use of chemotherapeutic drug is based on the principle of toxic compounds to inhibit the proliferation of cells growing at an abnormal rate. However, it should be noted that the majority of chemotherapeutic drugs is associated with side effects such as pain, nerve damage and skin allergic reactions. Therefore, minimizing the side effects of chemotherapy drugs remains a challenge in the field of cancer chemotherapy. Lung offers numerous advantages as a delivery route for noninvasive drugs for localized therapy of lung cancer. Compared to other delivery methods such as oral or intravenous injection, it is envisaged that the bioavailability of drugs in lung could be enhanced using pulmonary delivery since lung possesses limited intracellular and extracellular drug metabolizing enzyme activities unlike gastrointestinal tract and liver. On top of that, this option also reduces non-reversible tissue damage caused by drugs’ cytotoxicity.
In addition, higher absorption rate, reduced drug doses and rapid onset of action are among the advantages of pulmonary administration.
This thesis is a focus highlighting on the use of myricetin (MYR) as it has become important in health studies due to its potent iron-chelating capability, antioxidant and freeradical scavenging activities which suggested that MYR had some potential mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to carcinogen, mutation, diabetes, thrombosis, diarrhea, as well as cardiovascular protection.