الفهرس 
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Precast prestressed hollow core (PPHC) slabs are widely used for concrete structures all over the world, primarily as floor or wall units in residential, industrial, and commercial buildings. While generally associated with mass produced, highly repetitive buildings, they are also used in parking buildings, bridges and other heavy one-off structures. In some cases, it is required to make openings in the slabs for some reasons such as making ducts for electrical purposes, water and sewage pipes. The object of the research work is to investigate the effects of making openings in hollow core slabs (HCS) in different locations. Experimental tests are carried out on full-scale PPHC slabs (at Reinforced Concrete Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Egypt) to investigate the effects of openings on behavior. Two cases are studied in the experimental test program. The first case includes PPHC slab with an opening at mid-span. The second case includes PPHC slab with an opening at the maximum shear zone. PPHC slabs are analyzed using three dimensional nonlinear finite elements to simulate different test specimens. In numerical analysis, two parameters are taken in consideration. The first one is studying the effect of changing the opening dimensions. The second parameter is studying the effect of using different concrete grades. The experimental and numerical results are presented, compared and discussed. The proposed models in the analysis gave good results that agree with the experimental test results.