الفهرس 
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Abstract
Anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency in both developing and developed countries. It affects 20-50% of the world’s population and is common in young children.
The deficiency of trace elements generally cause anemia and increases absorption of other elements such as lead. Therefore, the serum levels of these elements increase in patients with anemia and may deteriorate it.
The current study was conducted in pediatric outpatient clinic in Beni Suef University hospital, it included 100 children divided into two, groups A with haemoglobin ≤10 g/dl, and group B with haemoglobin > 10 g/dl.
In this study we aimed to evaluate serum iron, copper, zinc, and lead levels in children living in Beni Suef governorate. And also to explain the association between anemia and these elements.
According to results we found that there is decrease in serum iron, ferritin and zinc in anemic children with P-Value (< 0.001) and increase in serum lead levels ≥ 10 μg/dl with P-Value (< 0.001). Copper was irrelevant between anemic and non anemic groups with P-Value (0.920).
Also we found increase in serum lead levels in children with low socioeconomic levels, those have illiterate parents, and also those who exposed to agricultural machinery exhausts.