الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is considered to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart attacks, and cerebrovascular diseases.The reduction of lipid profile is considered to be an important therapeutic approach and efforts are still done to identify the lipid lowering effect of various medicinal plants. Lipids and other substances accumulate on arterial walls, forming plague, which occlude the vascular lumen and obstruct the blood flow to vital organs such as the heart, brain, and liver or kidney.
This study was done to know the ameriolative effect of aqueous guava leaf extract on rats fed high fat high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. The experimental groups were divided as follows:
group (1): Rats fed on balanced diet and given p.o distilled water and served as negative controls.
group (2): Rats fed high fat high cholesterol (HFHC) diet and given p.o distilled water and served as positive controls.
group (3): Rats fed HFHC diet and given aqueous extract of guava leaves (200 mg / kg.b.wt. orally). (3 times/ week).
group (4): Rats fed HFHC diet and given aqueous extract of guava leaves (350 mg/ kg.b.wt. orally). (3 times/ week).
group (5): Rats fed HFHC diet and given aqueous extract of guava leaves (500 mg/ kg.b.wt. orally). (3 times / week).
group (6): Rats fed HFHC diet and given aqueous extract of guava leaves (650 mg/ kg.b.wt. orally). (3 times / week).
At the end of the experimental period, final body weight, gain in body weight, food intake, relative liver weight, lipid profile, risk ratio, as well as ALT, AST, adiponectin, leptin and gherlin in serum were measured. In liver, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity were measured.
The study revealed the following results:
There was a significant decrease in food intake but a significant increase in relative liver weight in group (2) fed high fat high cholesterol diet (HFHC) compared to group (1) fed basal diet. All the groups which treated per orally (p.o) with aqueous guava leaf extract (AGLE) with the four different doses showed significant decrease in food intake compared to group (2). There was a significant decrease in relative liver weight in group (4), group (5) and group (6) compared to group (2).
Also there was a significant decrease in final body weight and gain in body weight in the four treated groups compared to rats fed HFHC diet group (2).
The results showed a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, LDL-C and risk ratio but a significant decrease in serum HDL-C in rats fed HFHC diet compared to negative control group.
While group (6) in which rats given (p.o) highest dose of the extract 650 mg/kg b.wt. showed a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol compared to group (2), group (3), group (4) and group(5) .As well as a significant decrease in serum triacylglycerols, VLDL-C and risk ratio in group (3), group (4), group (5) and group (6) when compared to group (2).
Rats fed HFHC diet showed a significant increase in liver function tests as serum ALT, AST and in hormones as adiponectin but a significant decrease in leptin compared to rats fed basal diet. group (6) which was provided with the highest dose of AGLE (650 mg/kg b.wt.) showed a significant decrease in serum ALT and in serum AST when compared to group (2), group (3) and group (4).
On the other hand results of adiponectin hormone indicated a significant decrease in group (6) compared to group (2) & group (3) respectively.
Leptin hormone was increased significantly in group (4) & group (5) and also in group (6) when all compared to group (2). Gherlin hormone showed no significant difference between the six studied groups.
On comparing group (2) with group (1) liver cholesterol & triacylglycerols was increased significantly and also a significant increase in malondialdehyde level. On determining the level of cholesterol in liver of the rats it was found that its level decreased significantly in group (3) and group (4) compared to group (2). Liver total antioxidant capacity was increased significantly in the two groups provided with the highest doses of AGLE (group 5 & group 6) when compared to group (4). Finally liver MDA was decreased significantly in the four groups given orally AGLE (200, 350, 500 & 650 mg/kg b.wt.) compared to group (2)