الفهرس 
Weeds as food for HumanOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
1 - The studied area is situated between (30° 30’ - 31° 05’ N) and (32° 20’ -32° 40’ E) in North Sinai. This area is characterized by the presence
of old cultivated lands and new reclaimed ones which are irrigated
by the water of El-Salam Canal.
2 - The study aims to survey the weeds associated with different winter
crops, determining the geographical distribution of weeds,
evaluation its presence by frequency parameter and documentary the
recorded species by herbarium sheets.
3- The study on the flora of El-Qantara was conducted during the period
from April 2012 to March 2014. Ten sites were chosen to cover the
different habitats of the studied area.
4 - Eleven visits were conducted to the studied area. A total of 510
quadrates (1x1 m²) were taken in six cultivated sites randomly.
5- A total of 530 specimens were collected during the study and prepared
as herbarium sheets by six steps: pressing; poisoning; mounting;
identification; labeling; filing and then kept in the herbarium of
Flora & Phytotaxonomy Researches Department, HRI, ARC
(CAIM) and the herbarium of Agricultural Botany Department,
Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.
6 - Frequency parameter was used to evaluate the weeds in the winter
crops, with 300 quadrates in wheat, 120 quadrates in clover and 90
quadrates in sugar beet. The recorded weeds were divided into three
categories: dominant, common and rare, according to their
frequency.
7 – A total of 138 species belong to 39 families were recorded in the
studied area, from which two species are new record in the flora of
Egypt and 17 species are new record in Sinai phytogeographical
region. For each species, valid name, original publication, habitat,
life form, floristic category and local names are cited. 8 - The total number of weed species recorded in wheat crop was 75
species, while 60 species were recorded in clover crop and 51
species were recorded in sugar beet crop.
9 - Dominant weeds associated with wheat, clover and sugar beet crops
were 11, 8 and 10 species respectively while the common weeds
were 23, 28 and 30 species respectively and the rare weed species
were 41, 24 and 11 species respectively.
9 -The phytogeographical analysis of the species recorded in the studied
area revealed the dominance of cosmopolitan element. The species
with Mediterranean element constituted the main bulk of the species
followed by Saharo-Sindian.
10 - Eight life forms of the recorded species in the studied area were
determined. The therophyte species were the dominant.
11- Six main habitats were recognized in the studied area:
- Salty and saline soil habitat was represented by 21 species.
- Desertic habitat was represented by 40 species.
- Aquatic habitat was represented by 3 species.
- Canal banks and wet ground habitat was represented by 49
species.
- Road sides and waste lands habitat was represented by 46
species.
- Weeds in cultivation were represented by 101 species.
12- Many of the recorded species in the studied area have economic uses
as medicinal, grazing, food, ornamental or other uses. Also many of
these species have environmental importance such as sand
controllers, wind breaks, bank retainers, shade, and water purifiers.
Some of these species have harmful effects on the crops, man,
domestic animals or hinder the agricultural operations, or contains
poisons organs.