الفهرس 
Introuduction & Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present work aims to study the role of histopathological and histochemical stains in the detection of the apparent changes in collagen ,carbohydrates and proteins during bladder cancer development of human using haematoxlin and eosin ( H&E) stain , Masson’s Trichrome (MT) is used to demonstrate the deposed collagen in tumor tissues, Periodic Acid Schiff’s reaction ( PAS) stain with and without diastase treatment can used to confirm or exclude the type of precipitation that appeared with the tumor progression is perfectly glycogen or not , In addition, Mercuric Bromophenol Blue stain (MBB) is used to demonstrate the amount of protein content accompared with the tumor progression. The present study is attempt in oncology center patients, Mansoura University.The present study included 10 case of Transitional Cell Carcinoma(TCC), and 10 case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Most of patients were males and the minority is females, with a ratio 2.5 to 1 and their age ranged between 45-76 years. The specimens were taken from the freshly removed bladder from the tumours and normal tissues for histopathological examinations. Cytectomyzed urinary bladder was fixed in 10% neutral formalin for 24 hours for tissue fixation and preservation of the tissue structures in a state like or similar to the living state. Fixed tissues were chemically processed through the tissue processor including different types of chemicals and underwent a process of staining with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain by Harris’ protocol (Liewellyn and Kiernan) , Masson trichrome (MT) stain by Prophet,and other special stains like periodic acid schiff’s (PAS) with or without diastase treatment by PAS reaction (Kiernan and Culling,) and mercuric bromophenol blue (MBB ) by Krishnamurthyl. The present study showed the role of histopathological and histochemical stains in detecting the available changes in polysaccharides, collagen and proteins during bladder cancer development. H&E stain identified tumor grade and stage according to tumor proliferation and infiltration respectively. Periodic Acid Schiff’s reaction stained carbohydrates, glycogen, glycoprotein and basement membranes. When stained sections were previously treated with diastase enzyme the glycogen deposits were mostly removed leaving only the plasma membrane which stained pink. So; PAS reaction with and without diastase treatment could confirm or exclude that, the precipitation of glycogen that appeared within the tumor progression is a real glycogen or not.Masson’s trichrome stain succeeded in the detection of increasing the tumor size and proliferation. It demonstrated the high amount of deposed collagen in the tumor tissues and how it was replaced by high number of blood vessels in both of SCC and TCC tumor cases also succeeded in the detection of abundant keratin materials in SCC than in TCC. Mercuric Bromophenol Blue stain demonstrated the amount of protein content combined with the tumor progression.Also it succeeded in the differentiation between SCC and TCC. Mercuric bromophenol blue stain appeared that the protein deposition in SCC was mostly higher than that in TCC tumor samples. In conclusion, the present study showed the role of histopathological and histochemical stains in detecting the apparent changes in polysaccharides, collagen and proteins during bladder cancer development.