الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University at Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt during two winter growing seasons (2009/2010 and 2011/2012) to study the response of wheat plants to various fertilizer resources represented in (Nitrogen-fixing bacteria – Amino acids – Yeasts – humic acids salts – methanol).
Experiment included the following factors:-
a- Soil additions: -
Azotobacter inoculation, adding 80 kg N fad–1 (recommended rate),adding 80 kg N fad–1 + humic (2 kg fad–1),adding 60 kg N fad– 1 + humic (2 kg fad–1),adding 40 kg N fad–1 + humic (2 kg fad–1).
b- Foliar applications:-
Amino acids (1.5 ml l–1) (F ),Azotobacter + yeast (F2),Amino acids (1.0 ml l–1) +Azotobacter + yeast (F3),Amino acids (0.5 ml l–1)+Azotobacter + yeast (F4),Methanol 10% + amino acids (0.5 ml l–1) +Azotobacter + yeast (F5), Methanol 10% (F6).
Nitrogen fertilizer rates were applied as urea (46.5% N) into two portions, before the first and the second irrigations, respectively. The treatments were arranged in a split–plot design with four replicates. Main
plots were occupied by foliar application treatments, while soil addition ones were allocated in the sub plots.
At 120 days after sowing, a random sample of wheat plants was taken from 25x25 cm of each plot to estimate the following vegetative traits: Plant height (cm), tillers number m–2, leaves number m–2, flag leaf angle, flag leaf area, shoots dry weight m–2, leaves dry weight m–2. spikes dry weight m–2 and total dry weight of plants m–2.
Wheat plants were harvested on 15 May 2010 and 9 May 2012.
At harvest, a random sample of wheat plants was taken from 25x25 cm from each plot to estimate the following yield parameters: Plant height, tillers number m–2, spikes number m–2, weight of 1000 grains.
Moreover, whole plants of square meter were collected from each plot to measure
a. Biological yield fad–1, b. Straw yield, fad–1, c. Grain Yield fad–1,
d. Spikes weight m–2.
After harvest a sample of wheat grains were taken from each plot and crushed and dried and estimated the following chemical traits:
a. Crude protein content was calculated by multiplying the total nitrogen by 5.7. Then, protein yield in kg per Fadden was computed.
b. Carbohydrate yield which calculated from total carbohydrate in milled grain dried which was estimated by Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method after hydrolysis of carbohydrates.
The results obtained can be summarized as follows:
a- Soil additions:-
1. Effect of soil additions on growth traits Wheat plant height, tillers number m–2, leaves number m–2, flag leaf
angle, flag leaf area, shoot dry weight m–2, leaves dry weight m–2, spikes dry weigh m–2 and total dry weight m–2significantly affected by soil additions. Except flag leaf angle adding 80 kg N fad-1+humic recorded the maximum increase surpassing other soil applications While, Azotobacter treatment was the inferior in this respect. The treatment of 60 kg N fad-1+humic came in the second order in this
respect surpassing the recommended treatment (80 kg N fad-1). It is remarkable that 40 kg N fad-1+humic showed non-significant when compared with recommended treatment (80 kg N fad-1) in plant height, tillers number m–2, leaves number m–2, flag leaf area, shoot dry weight m–2, spikes dry weigh m–2 and total dry weight m–2. The flag
leaf angle scored the maximum values with low nitrogen fertilization (Azotobacter treatment). On the contrary, the narrowest angle was obtained from the highest N fertilizers (80 kg N fad-1).
2. Effect of soil additions on yield and its components A significant effect in plant height, tillers number m–2, spikes number m–2, spikes weight m–2, weight of 1000 grains, biological yield fad–1, straw yield, fad–1 and grain yield fad–1, were obtained by soil
additions. Plots treated with Azotobacter gave the lowest values in all traits except 1000- thousand grains while, the plots received 80 kg N
fad-1 + humic gave the maximum values. On the other hand, adding 60 kg N fad-1+humic came in the second order in this respect surpassing the recommended treatment (80 kg N fad-1). Non-significant impact between 40 kg N fad-1 + humic treatment and 80 kg N fad-1 was
observed in plant height, spikes weight m–2, weight of 1000 grains, biological yield fad–1, straw yield fad–1and surpassed over recommended in tillers number m–2, spikes number m–2 3-Effect of soil additions on yield quality Protein percentage (%), yield (kg fed-1) and carbohydrate percentage (%),
yield (kg fed-1) significantly affected with soil additions. In this regard,
supplying soil with 80 kg N fad-1 + humic achieved the highest protein
percentage (%), yield (kg fed-1) and carbohydrate yield (kg fed-1), while Azotobacter treatment scored the minimal values. In contrary, carbohydrate percentage (%) recorded the maximal values by added Azotobacter. While, treated with 60 kg N fad-1+humic came in the second order promoting protein yield and carbohydrate yield.
b- Foliar applications:-
1. Effect of foliar applications on growth traits Except tillers number m–2 all growth traits (plant height, leaves
number m–2, flag leaf angle, flag leaf area, shoot dry weight m–2, leaves dry weight m–2, spikes dry weigh m–2 and total dry weight m–2) significantly affected by foliar applications. The highest values recorded from plots sprayed with F3, F5 and the plots treated with F2, F6 gave lowest values.
2. Effect of foliar applications on yield and its components Plant height, tillers number m–2, spikes number m–2, spikes weight m– 2, weight of 1000 grains, biological yield fad–1, straw yield, fad–1 and grain yield fad–1significantly affected by foliar applications. The highest values recorded from plots sprayed with F3, F5 and the plots treated with F2, F1 gave lowest values.
3. Effect of foliar applications on yield quality Protein percentage (%), yield (kg fed-1) and carbohydrate percentage (%), yield (kg fed-1) significantly affected with foliar applications.
The F3, F5 treatment achieved the highest value in protein percentage
(%), yield (kg fed-1) surpassing other treatments while F2, F6 treatment was the inferior in this respect. On the other hand, F3 treatment achieved the highest value in carbohydrate yield (kg fed-1) surpassing other treatments while F1, F2 treatment was the inferior in this respect.
c- The interaction between soil additions and foliar applications:-
1. Effect of The interaction between soil additions and foliar applications on growth traits All growth traits had a significant effect by the interaction between soil additions and foliar applications. The highest values were
obtained from F3, F4 or F5 combined with 80 kg N fad-1 + humic.
While 60 kg N fad-1 + humic combined with F3, F4 or F5 came in the
second order in this respect.
2. Effect of The interaction between soil additions and foliar applications on yield and its components Combination between soil addition and foliar application showed a significant effect on yield and its components of wheat plants.
Interaction between 80 kg N fad-1 + humic either with F3, F5 or F4 gave the highest values and followed by combination between (60 kg N fad-1 + humic x F3, F4 or F5).
3. Effect of The interaction between soil additions and foliar applications on yield quality Protein percentage (%), yield (kg fed-1) and carbohydrate percentage (%), yield (kg fed-1) significantly affected by the interaction between soil additions and foliar applications. The highest values were obtained from F3, F5combined with 80 kg N fad-1 + humic. While 60
kg N fad-1 + humic combined with F3 and F5 came in the second order in this respect.