الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to identify risk factors of stunting among
a group of adolescents (10-15 years old) attending stunting
clinic, National Nutrition institute in Cairo and to compare
percentages of other mal-nutritional disorders (eg., anemia
and obesity) among two groups (stunted group and a
control group) of adolescents.
A case control study was performed, the study was done in
National Nutrition Institute. Cases were taken from the
stunting clinic . Controls were taken from outpatient
clinics . 150 cases and 300 controls were interviewed
together with their guardians. An interview questionnaire
was constructed and used to explore socio-economic risk
factors ,24 hours recall and food frequency questionnaires
were used to explore nutritional risk factors of stunting.
Anthropometric assessment (weight and height ) was done.
Results from recently done investigations were reported.
Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS (statistical
package for social sciences ) version 20 . It was found that 57.3% of cases were males in
comparison to 55% of controls . Mean height of cases was
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significantly lower than that of controls (132.76 ±7.6
centimeters versus 147.79± 9.3 centimeters).
The percentage of cases living in rural areas was
significantly higher than controls (36% and 24%
respectively ). There was a statistically significant
difference as regards the care giving person; a lower
percentage of cases (3.3%) versus (8.7 %) in controls
obtained care from another person beside the mother.
No significant association was found between father‘s
occupation or marital status of the mother and the
development of stunted growth among the study
participants.
Regarding mother‘s education, there was a higher
percentage of illiterate mothers or had low grade education
among cases (43.3 %) in comparison to (35.3%) among
mothers of controls. This result was not statistically
significant.
Cases showed a significantly higher percentage of
housewife mothers (90.7%) compared to control group
(78.3%). A higher percentage of cases were underweight
for their age as compared to controls (40% vs 7.7%
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respectively). This difference was statistically significant.
There was no significant difference as regards exposure of
child /adolescent to passive smoking . As regards the
source of drinking water ,cases were less likely to have
water source inside the house (86%) compared to control
group (92.3%) .This result was statistically significant.
There was a higher percentage of consanguinity between
parents of cases (30%) than controls (12.7%) and the
difference was statistically significant. A higher
percentage of cases (56.6%) spent less than 1500 LE
monthly compared to controls (44.7%) and the difference
was statistically significant. There was a similar
percentage of children working in both groups ; 10.7% in
cases and 9.3% in controls. Mean number of persons
living with study participant in their household was higher
among cases than among controls (5.72±1.47 and
5.43±1.28) respectively. Regarding the mean number of
siblings , cases had a higher mean (4±1.4) versus
(3.6±1.33) among controls. These differences were
statistically significant. As regards house crowding index,
there was a higher mean of crowding index among cases
(2.73±1.11) than among controls (2.6±0.92) yet this
difference was not statistically significant.
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As regards maternal age during pregnancy in the study
participant, a higher percentage of cases were born to
mothers younger than or equal to 18 years (13.3%)
compared to controls( 7%) but this difference was not
statistically significant. Regarding passive smoking during
pregnancy ,there was no significant difference between
cases and controls. A higher percentage of cases were born
small in size (24%) compared to controls (20%) ,as stated
by the mothers, but this result didn‘t significantly differ
between both groups. A higher percentage of cases were
―third or more‖ in order among their siblings as compared
to controls (23.3 versus 13.3%) and this result was
statistically significant.
A higher percentage of cases had short parent(s) as
compared to controls ( 35.4% and 14.6% respectively).
Short stature sibling was also found in a higher percentage
of cases in comparison to controls (25.3% and 8.3%
respectively). These differences are statistically
significant. There was no statistically significant
relationship between both groups as regards the presence
of chronic diseases as well as prolonged diarrheal
illnesses.
Types of operations differed significantly between both
groups . Percentage of study participants who had
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undergone operations with long post-operative recovery
was higher in cases (6.7%) in comparison to controls
(1.7%). As regards history of hospital admission ,
although a higher percentage of cases gave a history of
previous hospital admission (26%) than controls (19.3%)
yet the difference was not statistically significant.
Median number of hours of leisure time (study hours and
hours spent watching TV or using computers) was more
among cases (4.63 hours ) than among controls (4 hours)
and this result was statistically significant.
Anemia was present in 59% of cases and in 56% of
controls with no statistically significant difference.
Percentage of protozoal infection was higher among cases
62.2% versus 50 % of controls . There was a higher
percentage of cases infected with helminthes 27 % versus
18.2% of controls but the difference was not statistically
significant.
Dietary data analysis revealed that the majority of cases
and controls consumed more than ―recommended‖ level
of proteins. Also a lower percentage of cases consumed
―recommended‖ levels of RDA of carbohydrates than
controls (25.4 % versus 32.7%) yet differences were not
statistically significant.