الفهرس 
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Abstract
In Egypt; the environmental protection laws have not been enforced. The wasted industrial and agricultural heavy metals have harmful effects for invertebrates, fish, and humans. This study was undertaken to investigate the levels of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, mercury and Nickel) in Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias gariepinus and water in different fish culture systems (intensive and semi-intensive fish farms). We detected the effects of heavy metals on the fish health through: the chemical analysis of heavy metals in fish cultures in different seasons; chemical parameters of water related to the heavy metals pollution; studying some biomarkers of the heavy metals in the blood and tissue of the fish and its harmful effect on the fish with study of histopathological alteration. This study revealed that; heavy metal residues in musculature were found in permissible limits, while in internal organs were relatively high. Micronucleus is good tools for detection of genotoxcity of heavy metals. Deformiety in Oreochromis niloticus may be considered as an indicator to heavy metals pollution. Water source is very important item in intensive &semi-intinsive fish farming.