الفهرس 
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial action of different forms of chlorhexidine (liquid, gel and points), when used as an endodontic irrigant and/or intracanal medicament.
One hundred freshly extracted single-rooted human anterior teeth with completely formed apices were selected for this study.
Teeth were classified into 5 groups of 20 samples each representing the type of irrigant used.
Group 1: Samples were irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution.
Group 2: Samples were irrigated with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution.
Group 3: Samples were irrigated with 0.2% chlorhexidine gel.
Group 4: Samples were irrigated with saline.
Group 5: Samples were neither irrigated nor instrumented.
Each group was divided into 2 equal subgroups, where samples of subgroup (A) received no further treatment while samples of subgroup (B) received chlorhexidine points for 7 days.
Sterile roots were inoculated with E.faecalis. Root canals of groups (1 - 4) were instrumented with K-type files using step- back technique to master apical file size 60 using the assigned irrigant for each group. Samples of subgroup (B) received chlorhexidine points as an intracanal medicament for 7 days After 10- fold serial dilution in saline, aliquots of 0.1 ml were plated in Bile - Ausculin agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Colony forming units (CFU) that were grown were counted.
In subgroup A, the highest reduction of microorganisms was achieved with 2% chlorhexidine solution (98.7%), followed by samples irrigated with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution (98.4%), followed by samples irrigated with chlorhexidine gel (97.2%).
Total bacterial elimination was observed in samples of subgroup B for all chlorhexidine-irrigated specimens (groups 1, 2 and 3) showing zero CFU mean and 100% reduction in microorganisms. Samples of group 4 (saline) demonstrated a 98% bacterial reduction and a CFU mean equal to 4.0 ± 1.2. The control group (group 5) showed 0% bacterial reduction when chlorhexidine points were added.
Comparison between subgroup A and B samples of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed significant difference between subgroups at p < 0.05. There was no significant difference between samples of subgroup A and B in the control group (p > 0.05).